The Indian coal industry has experienced an incredible decade with many new developments in the market structure, policies, and demandsupply. In the global arena, India stands third in terms of tonnage of coal produced and fourth in terms of total energy value of coal produced. To meet the increasing energy needs of the growing population and to back the industrialization process, India has to depend on coal as the likes of other developing economies such as China and Africa. While many policy-level issues being currently dealt and the outlook with many uncertainties, coal in India is likely to remain the mainstay fuel till the year 2050, unless nuclear is aggressively pursued.